Switched Reluctance Motor

Switched Reluctance Motor

• The reluctance motor is an electric motor in which torque is produced by the tendency of its moveable part to move to a position where the inductance of the excited winding is maximized. The origin of the reluctance motor can be traced back to 1842, but the reinvention‖ has been possibly due to the advent of inexpensive, high-power switching devices.
• The reluctance motor is a type of synchronous machine. It has wound field coils of a DC motor for its stator windings and has no coils or magnets on its rotor. Fig.shows its typical structure. It can be seen that both the stator and rotor have salient poles; hence, the machine is a doubly salient machine.
• The rotor is aligned whenever the diametrically opposite stator poles are excited. In a magnetic circuit, the rotating part prefers to come to the minimum reluctance position at the instance of excitation. While two rotor poles are aligned to the two stator poles, another set of rotor poles is out of alignment with respect to a different set of stator poles. Then, this set of stator poles is excited to bring the rotor poles into alignment.

Delay 20mSec PWM genration

20 msec delay PWM genration Program

#include
#define off 0
#define on 1
sbit pin7 = P1^7;                        // label pin7 is port 1 pin 7
main()
{
TMOD = 0x01;                         /* timer 0 mode 1, TH0TL0 = 16 bit register*/
while(1)                                     // keep repeating the following section
{
pin7 = on;                                 /* pin 7 to 5 volts, i.e. logic 1 and use timer 0 to generate delay*/
TL0 = 0xFF;                            // hex FF into TL0
TH0 = 0xB7;                            // hex B7 into TH0
TR0 = on;                                // start timer
while(!TF0);                            // wait here until TF0 = 1
TR0 = off;                              // stop timer
TF0 = off;                             // clear overflow flag
pin7 = off;                            /* pin 7 to 0 v0lts, i.e. logic 0, repeat timer delay*/
TH0 = 0xB7;                       // hex B7 into TH0
TL0 = 0xFF;                       // hex FF into TL0
TR0 = on;                           // start timer
while(!TF0);                       // wait here until TF0 = 1
TR0 = off;                          // stop timer
TF0 = off;                          // clear overflow flag
}
}

Microcontroller LED Toggle Program

//*CREATED BY KRISHNARAJSINH A JADAV *//
//*LED TOGGLE *//
//*TESTED OK*//

#include
sbit p=P0^1;                                  // LED IS CONNECTED WITH PORT 0 AND PIN 1
void delay(int);                               // DECLARATION OF DELAY FUNCTION

main()
{
    while(1);
     {
         p=0;                                    // LED IS OFF
         delay(20000);                     // INTRODUCE DELAY FOR WHICH LED REMAIN OFF
         p=1;                                   // LED IS ON
         delay(20000);                     // INTRODUCE DELAY FOR WHICH LED REMAIN ON
     }

}

void delay(int d)                          // DELAY FUNCTION
{
    int i;
    for(i=0;i
}

Smart Vibration Sensor (Earth Quack Detector)

*About Author Of This Projects

• Name : Krishnarajsinh jadav
• Email : Krishnaraj.jadav@gmail.com

*Introduction of circuit

This Project senses the minimum effective vibration produce due to the Earth quack and turn on the emergency alarm.

This circuit senses the minimum effective vibration by piezoelectric sensor and primary FET transistor amplify the signal and send to LM555 I.C. as trigger pulse.The LM555 i.c. supply uniform d.c. voltage to sound i.c. UM3561 and this i.c. generate pulsating signal this signal then given to speaker to produce sound according to signal.

*What is Sensor?

It is a device for sensing a physical variable of a physical system or an environment.

*Quantities measure by Sensors

Mechanical quantities: displacement, rotation velocity, acceleration, pressure, force/torque.

Thermal quantities: temperature, heat.

Electromagnetic quantities: voltage, current, frequency, magnetism.

Chemical quantities: moisture, pH value

*What is the need of Smart Vibration Sensor?

For the safety purpose

As a earth quack detector

For house security

In heavy loading machine

As a door bell(future application)

*Working of Project

The circuit works on 9V DC supply.In this vibration sensor alarm circuit initially, when power switch S1 is flipped to "on" position, power indicator LED1 lights up immediately. As soon as vibration is detected, MOSFET - T1 is fired by the positive going pulse output from the vibration sensing mechanism built around Piezoelectric-ceramic wafer and associated components. Control input pins 2 and 6 of IC1 latch are grounded.

As a result Output pin 3 of IC1 now goes high. The positive supply from output pin 3 of IC1 is extended to tone siren generator UM3561 (IC2) through R5, D1 and R6. Components R6 and ZD1 stabilize the input power supply of IC2 to around 3.3V. Output signals from IC2 are amplified by Darling-ton-pair transistors T2 and T3 to produce alert tone (police siren sound) via loudspeaker.Reset switch S1 can be used to switch off the alarm sound by resetting the circuit. A relay can also be connected at the output socket (SOC1) of the circuit to emergency sirens and Fence electrification units.

*I.C. used in this project

(1)LM555 I.C
Description

The LM555 is a highly stable device for generating accurate time delays or oscillation.Additional terminals are provided for triggering or resetting if desired.In the time delay mode of operation, the time is precisely controlled by one external resistor and capacitor.For a stable operation as an oscillator, the free running frequency and duty cycle are accurately controlled with two external resistors and one capacitor.

(2)UM3561 I.C
Description

UM3561 is a low-cost, low-power CMOS LSI designed for use in alarm and toy applications.Since the integrated circuit includes oscillator and selector circuits, a compact sound module can be constructed with only a few additional components.The M3561 contains a programmed mask ROM to simulate siren sound.

 

 

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MICROPROCESSOR BASED PROJECT

MICROPROCESSOR BASED PROJECT

01 ELEVATOR CONTROL SYSTEM MICROPROCESSOR 8085 BASED 
02 WATER LEVEL INDICATOR MICROPROCESSOR 8085 BASED
03 TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM MICROPROCESSOR 8085 BASED 
04 ADVERTISEMENT DISPLAY MICROPROCESSOR 8085 BASED
05 VOTING MACHINE MICROPROCESSOR 8085 BASED
06 AC/DC MOTOR SPEED CONTROL MICROPROCESSOR 8085 BASED
07 BALANCE MICROPROCESSOR 8085 BASED
08 FAULT FINDER (Industrial Annunicator) MICROPROCESSOR 8085 BASED 
09 FASTEST FINGER FIRST MICROPROCESSOR 8085 BASED 
10 CAPACITANCE & RESISTANCE MEASUREMENT METER MICROPROCESSOR 8085 BASED 
11 TACHOMETER MICROPROCESSOR 8085 BASED 
12 STEPPER MOTOR AXIS CONTROL MICROPROCESSOR 8085 BASED
13 VISITOR COUNTER MICROPROCESSOR 8085 BASED
14 ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES CONTROL MICROPROCESSOR 8085 BASED 
15 UNDER/OVER VOLTAGE CONTROL MICROPROCESSOR 8085 BASED
16 THERMISTOR THERMOMETER MICROPROCESSOR 8085 BASED 
17 SCHOOL TIMER MICROPROCESSOR 8085 BASED 
18 TEMPERATURE INDICATOR AND CONTROL MICROPROCESSOR 8085 BASED: The hardware interfaced with 8255 port
19 CRO MICROPROCESSOR 8085 BASED: The hardware interfaced with 8255 port will display one byte of data
20 IC TESTER MICROPROCESSOR 8085 BASED: It is testing device based on 8085 mP kit. This device will tes
21 ELECTRONIC LOCK MICROPROCESSOR 8085 BASED
22 SO2 MONITORING SYSTEM MICROPROCESSOR 8085 BASED
23 WAVEFORM GENERATOR MICROPROCESSOR 8085 BASED
24 POWER SUPPLY PARAMETERS SENSING USING mP MICROPROCESSOR 8085 BASED
25 MICROPROCESSOR BASED REVERSIBLE DC MOTOR CONTROL MICROPROCESSOR 8085 BASED 

Management-2 Material

Management-2

1. Ch-1-Finance ppt
2. Ch-2-Marketing I ppt
3. Ch-2-Marketing II ppt
4. Ch-3-What-is-Operations-Management ppt
5. Ch-4-Plant-Location ppt
6. Ch-5-layouts ppt